Identifying a Truth-Teller With One Question

Brain Teaser · Medium · Free problem
Two people answer yes/no questions. Person $A$ always tells the truth. Person $B$ answers randomly -- independently saying "yes" or "no" with probability
/2$ each, regardless of the question asked. You do not know which person is $A$ and which is $B$. You may ask exactly one yes/no question to exactly one person. 1. Construct a question that lets you identify the truthful person with probability strictly greater than
/2$. 2. Compute that probability of correct identification. 3. Prove that your strategy is optimal -- no single yes/no question to one person can do better.

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